Doha Agreement: What did Afghanistan and the United States lose and gain?

Conflicts, foreign interventions, and internal dissensions shaped the whole history of Afghanistan. On February 29, 2020, a reconciliation document was finalized in Doha, Qatar. With one goal in mind: end a 19-year-old war through which there were casualties on both sides so maybe it was time to move on politically. Under the terms of this agreement, U.S. forces had four phases to withdraw gradually; In return, the Afghan Taliban pledged that they would not engage in terrorist activities and were also to participate in intra-Afghan negotiations. But the situation suddenly spun out. After the agreement, it was reported the Afghan government had dissolved overnight, the Taliban quickly re-emerged, and rising regional conflicts sucked Afghanistan into the throes of a severe humanitarian, economic, and political crisis.
With the unanimous consent of the Afghan Taliban, U.S. Special Envoy Zalmay Khalilzad and leaders held direct negotiations for more than one year. Four points were agreed upon in this agreement. First, the Afghan Taliban promised not to allow al-Qaeda or any other terrorist group to use Afghanistan against the United States or its allies. Second, the number of U.S. troops was to be cut from 12,000 to 8,600 within 135 days, and a full pull-out would be completed in 14 months. Third, intra-Afghan talks would begin in March 2020, and 5,000 Taliban prisoners and 1,000 Afghan security forces losing their freedom was likewise agreed upon. However, leaving the Ashraf Ghani administration out of negotiations ended up being injurious to peace.
The situation deteriorated significantly after the Doha Agreement. Though it was importantly aimed at reducing violence, its purpose was largely contrary to this sort of intent: Taliban attacks against Afghan security forces grew by 37 percent in 2020. By August 2021, the United States had completed its military withdrawal from Afghanistan. This resulted in the immediate collapse of the Afghan National Defense and Security Forces and a swift takeover by Taliban control. By mid-2021, the Taliban held 90 percent of the country. By August of that year, not only was there a serious security crisis but also continually during this time span the usually resulting humanitarian disasters: Since the Taliban established a provisional government, Afghanistan has been plagued by food shortages, with a projected 14.8 million people experiencing critical food insecurity by 2025, among whom 3.1 million will be in emergency circumstances. The economy faced an extremely steep decline. GDP dropped by 29% between 2021 and 2022, and the national unemployment rate reached 50%. In addition, Pakistan deported 800,000 Afghan refugees between 2023 and 2024. Under the Taliban regime, women in Afghanistan have seen their rights severely violated, restrictions have been placed on education and employment, and incidents of gender-based violence increased by 25%. Among them, fundamental issues were encountered in the implementation of the Doha Agreement. The most essential of these arose because the Afghan government was excluded from it altogether. The Afghan Taliban did not recognize the administration of Ashraf Ghani, hence mooting any negotiations until September 2020. The Afghan Taliban ended armed operations against foreign forces after the agreement but continued them against Afghan security forces. Also in the prisoner swap process, there were difficulties as the Afghan government refused to release several key Taliban leaders, thus the outcome was six months of stalemated talks. The Taliban did not fulfill their promise to break off all ties with terrorist organizations, and continuing cross-border attacks on Pakistan originated from Afghan territ…